Social Change and Social Movement in India BA 2 ndYear, Sem. III , Course I (Theory)

 Social Change and Social Movement in India

Concept, Meaning & Nature of Social change, Factors of Social Change, Change in structure and Change of structure

Social change is the process of alteration in the social order. It refers to the significant changes in the social structure, social relationships, social institutions, and cultural values over time. Social change can be gradual or rapid, and it can be planned or unplanned.

Factors of social change include:

Demographic factors: Demographic factors such as population growth, population decline, and migration can lead to social change.

Economic factors: Economic factors such as industrialization, globalization, and technological change can lead to social change.

Political factors: Political factors such as revolutions, wars, and government policies can lead to social change.

Cultural factors: Cultural factors such as the spread of new ideas, beliefs, and values can lead to social change.

Change in structure refers to the changes in the social order, such as the rise of new social institutions and the decline of old ones. Change of structure refers to the changes in the relationships between different parts of the social order.

Types of Social change: Evolution, Development, Progress and Revolution

Evolution: Evolution is a gradual and continuous process of social change. It is often compared to the biological process of evolution, in which species change over time through natural selection.

Development: Development is a type of social change that is directed towards a desired goal. It is often associated with economic growth and social progress.

Progress: Progress is a type of social change that is seen as positive and desirable. It is often associated with improvements in living standards, human rights, and equality.

Revolution: Revolution is a rapid and radical type of social change that involves the overthrow of the existing social order.

Theories of Social Change: Linear, Cyclical, Demographic, and Economic (Conflict). Information technology and Social Change

Linear theories of social change: Linear theories of social change argue that all societies progress through a series of stages, from traditional to modern.

Cyclical theories of social change: Cyclical theories of social change argue that societies go through cycles of growth, decline, and renewal.

Demographic theories of social change: Demographic theories of social change argue that population growth and other demographic factors are the main drivers of social change.

Economic theories of social change: Economic theories of social change argue that economic factors, such as industrialization and globalization, are the main drivers of social change.

Conflict theories of social change: Conflict theories of social change argue that social change is driven by conflict between different social groups.

Information technology and social change: Information technology is having a profound impact on social change. It is changing the way we communicate, work, and live.

Conclusion

Social change is a complex and multifaceted process. It is driven by a variety of factors, including demographic factors, economic factors, political factors, and cultural factors. Social change can be gradual or rapid, and it can be planned or unplanned.

Theories of social change can help us to understand the process of social change and to predict how societies are likely to change in the future. Information technology is playing an increasingly important role in social change.

Processes of Social Change in India: Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization

Sanskritization, Westernization, and Modernization are three major processes of social change in India.

Sanskritization: Sanskritization is a process by which lower-caste groups adopt the customs and practices of upper-caste groups in order to move up the social hierarchy.

Westernization: Westernization is the process by which Indian society is adopting Western values and institutions.

Modernization: Modernization is the process by which Indian society is becoming more industrialized and urbanized.

Concept & Impact of Secularization and Globalization

Secularization is the process by which religion is becoming less important in public life. Globalization is the process by which the world is becoming more interconnected.

Secularization and globalization have had a number of impacts on Indian society. For example, they have led to a greater acceptance of diversity and a decline in traditional values.

Parochialisation and Universalization

Parochialization is the process by which people become more focused on their own group and less open to outside influences. Universalization is the process by which people become more open to outside influences and more accepting of diversity.

Parochialization and universalization are two opposing forces that are constantly shaping Indian society.

Concept & Meaning of Social Movement, Nature, Definitions and Characteristics of Social Movements

A social movement is a group of people who are organized to bring about social change. Social movements are often characterized by a shared ideology, a commitment to action, and a sense of community.

Social Movement and Social Change: Theories of Social Movement: Structural –functional , Marxist, Resource Mobilization Theory

Social movements can play a significant role in social change. They can raise awareness of social problems, challenge the status quo, and promote new ideas and values.

There are a number of different theories of social movements. Some of the most well-known theories include:

Structural-functional theory: Structural-functional theory argues that social movements are a necessary part of society because they help to maintain social order and promote social change.

Marxist theory: Marxist theory argues that social movements are a way for the oppressed to challenge the ruling class.

Resource mobilization theory: Resource mobilization theory argues that social movements are successful when they are able to mobilize resources, such as money, members, and media attention.

New Social Movement

New social movements are social movements that emerged in the late 20th century. They are often characterized by a focus on identity, culture, and the environment.

Types of Social Movement: Reform, Rebellion, Revival, Revolution, Insurrection, Counter Movement

There are a number of different types of social movements, including:

Reform movements: Reform movements seek to change a specific aspect of society, such as the laws or the government.

Rebellion movements: Rebellion movements seek to overthrow the existing social order.

Revival movements: Revival movements seek to return society to a previous state, such as a traditional way of life.

Revolution movements: Revolution movements seek to bring about radical social change.

Insurrection movements: Insurrection movements are violent attempts to overthrow the government.

Counter movements: Counter movements are social movements that oppose other social movements.

Social Change in India through Social Movements: Peasant movement, Labour movement , Dalit movement , Women’s movement ,Environmental movement

Social movements have played a significant role in social change in India. Some of the most important social movements in India include:

Peasant movement: The peasant movement is a social movement that fights for the rights of peasants.

Labour movement: The labour movement is a social movement that fights for the rights of workers.

Dalit movement: The Dalit movement is a social movement that fights for the rights of Dalits, who are the former untouchables.

Women's movement: The women's movement is a social movement that fights for the rights of women.

Environmental movement: The environmental movement is a social movement that fights to protect the environment.

These are just a few of the many social movements that have played a role in social change in India. Social movements continue to be an important force for change in Indian society today.

Conclusion

Social change is a complex process that is driven by a variety of factors. Social movements are one of the most important factors driving social change in India. Social movements have played a significant role in improving the lives of millions of people in India.